Astronaut physiology

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Astronaut: a man or woman whose job it is to fly in space. Astronauts are usually really good at math and science, and aren't scared of sitting on top of rockets.

Gravity: the attraction of one body to another. Gravity gives objects weight and causes them to fall to the ground if dropped... more

Bones and Balance

headstand

Gravity helps us keep our balance and lets us know which way is up, even when we're upside down!

Astronauts may get to have a lot of fun, but they lose a few things in space, including the strength of their bones and their balance.

As we walk and run on Earth, our muscles pull on our bones, making them stronger. In space, an astronaut’s muscles take a break from tugging on their bones, and with all the floating they do, their bones don’t have to support normal body weight. When bones aren’t used, they get much weaker, so when astronauts return to Earth, they find their bones can’t support their full weight as well as before.

Which Way is Up?

On Earth, gravity is important in helping our bodies figure out which way is up and which way is down. Our sense of balance tells our brain what our arms and legs are doing, whether we are moving or standing still, and whether we’ve somehow ended up upside down, in a hand stand.

Astronauts training in weightlessness

Planes such as the Weightless Wonder let astronauts experience weightlessness. If you have been on roller coaster ride, you might have also felt a brief moment of weightlessness.

The weightlessness of space is confusing for our sense of balance. Arms and legs don’t weigh anything without gravity, so the body thinks they have disappeared. There is no sense of up or down, so an astronaut can’t tell if they are standing straight or are hanging upside down.

If you’ve ever experienced a dizzy spell or gotten sick from a roller coaster, you know that feeling off balance can make you queasy. The same way you might get sick in a car or on a boat, a lot of astronauts feel off balance in space and throw up. After a few days, this feeling passes as the astronauts get used to the weightlessness of space.

Astronauts are also able to train for this feeling in planes that are flown high and allowed to fall over safe distances. Over the years, these aircrafts have been known by names such as the Weightless Wonder, and more lovingly, the Vomit Comet. To see the plane in action and learn how low-gravity is simulated on Earth, watch the video from the RIT University News.


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Bibliographic details:

  • Article: Bones and Balance
  • Author(s): Amy Shira Teitel
  • Publisher: Arizona State University School of Life Sciences Ask A Biologist
  • Site name: ASU - Ask A Biologist
  • Date published: December 8, 2011
  • Date accessed: March 24, 2024
  • Link: https://askabiologist.asu.edu/bones-and-balance

APA Style

Amy Shira Teitel. (2011, December 08). Bones and Balance. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Retrieved March 24, 2024 from https://askabiologist.asu.edu/bones-and-balance

American Psychological Association. For more info, see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/

Chicago Manual of Style

Amy Shira Teitel. "Bones and Balance". ASU - Ask A Biologist. 08 December, 2011. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/bones-and-balance

MLA 2017 Style

Amy Shira Teitel. "Bones and Balance". ASU - Ask A Biologist. 08 Dec 2011. ASU - Ask A Biologist, Web. 24 Mar 2024. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/bones-and-balance

Modern Language Association, 7th Ed. For more info, see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/
Buoyancy Laboratory

Underwater facilities on Earth help astronauts train for living and working in space.

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