a type of molecule found in the cells of living things, made up of special building blocks called amino acids.

Making vaccines

Once scientists choose a type of vaccine to build, they need to decide how to produce the vaccine. Just like any product, the vaccine needs to be assembled in a particular way and made in sufficient quantities so that it can be delivered to the millions of people who need vaccines. The production of vaccines is usually done in a living organism or a group of cells. Because cells contain the cell parts needed to read the DNA instructions and create proteins, they are perfect “factories” to create vaccines.

Keys to the Coronavirus

Ioulia Bespalova
Coronaviruses can cause the common cold, or worse infections, like COVID-19. Brenda Hogue studies how these viruses replicate and infect, and uses this information to try to make vaccines and other medicines.

Nanobiotechnology: Nature's Tiny Machines

Julio Bernal Tara MacCulloch
Fascinating and bizarre interactions control the world around us, at a scale too small to see—the nanoscale. By studying the nanoworld, we can create nanomachines that mimic nature.

Also in: Italiano | عربى

Monster Dinners

Two baby cottontail rabbits are nestled in the shade of a brittle bush. They stay perfectly still, hoping they won’t be noticed. But a Gila monster has already picked up their scent. The Gila slowly works her way toward the hiding spot of the rabbits. As she moves, she flicks her tongue every few steps, and her tail is raised behind her, parallel with the ground.

RNA is an important molecule that often helps your body make proteins. But RNAs aren’t all the same—some may help your immune cells fight off infections by providing them with extra sugar. Sugar crystals Pooja Kadaba Ranganath Rosario A Marroquin-Flores

You decide that you want to plan a party for you and all of your friends. You have the food, the games, and decorations all planned out. All that’s left is to invite everyone to come over. But how are you going to tell all of your friends?

CRISPR: One Tool, Many Uses

Swiss army knife with several of the tools unfolded.
CRISPR can be thought of as a biological Swiss Army Knife, with many ways to complete different jobs. Image by Jonas Bergsten.

Cutting DNA with CRISPR

Christian H. Ross

What is gene editing? And how does the one of the most-used gene editing tools, called CRISPR, work?
Also in: Español

Building at a Nanoscale

Tyler Rockwood
Nicholas Stephanopoulos works with tiny structures so small you can only see them by using powerful microscopes. Some might say he's a builder, but he actually gets the molecules to do the building themselves.
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