It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has a wider head

Eats other salamanders

Has larger teeth

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Rocks and Sand

Fish and Frogs

Insects and Plants

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All ponds

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

By touch

By sight

By smell

By taste