By taste
By touch
By sight
By smell
High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection
Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection
Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection
There are no disadvantages
have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.
don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.
have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.
have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.
Aquatic crustaceans and insects
Rocks and Sand
Insects and Plants
Fish and Frogs
All ponds
Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet
Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet
All mountain meadow ponds
Has a wider head and larger teeth
Eats other salamanders
Has larger teeth
Has a wider head
Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.
Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.
It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.
It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.