Salamanders

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All ponds

By touch

By sight

By taste

By smell

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has a wider head

Has larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

Fish and Frogs

Rocks and Sand

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Insects and Plants

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.